Lining anchor



Patented Od. 9, 1934 LINING ANCHOR John E. Anderson and Charles W. Dunlap, Chicago, Ill., assignors to Plibri'co J ointless Firebrick Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Application August 20, 1932, Serial No. 629,664

7 Claims.

'Ihis invention relates to furnace structures, and has to do with means for anchoring a refractory lining to the furnace wall.

*This invention is in the nature of an improvement over the anchoring means disclosed in the patent to Ivon S. Pieters, No. 1,828,618, issued October 20, 1931. The anchoring means disclosed by this patent is, in general, highly enicient. Under certain conditions, however, the

l@ use of metal anchors in the lining may be objectionable due to burning out or oxidizing of such metal anchors, particularly when used with furnaces having thin linings or in which the conditions of use of the furnace necessitate the development of unusually high temperatures within the furnace.

One of the main objects of our invention is to provide simple and eflcient'anchoring means of the character referred to in which the anchor- 2@ ing member associated with the lining is of refractory material which will-not be adversely affected by intense heat to which the lining is subjected. A further object is to provide simplied and rugged anchoring means of the character'stated which will permit of expansion and contraction of the lining in all directions in the plane thereof and independently of the furnace wall. It is also an object of our invention to provide means of the character stated particularly adapted for use with monolithic refractory linings. Further objects and advantages of my invention will appear from the detail description.

In the drawing:-

Figure 1 is a fragmentary inner face View of a furnace wall with anchoring means in accordance with the present invention applied thereto,

this view being taken substantially on line 1-1 of Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a section taken substantially on une 2 2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section taken substantially onA line 3-3 of Figure 1;`

Figure 4 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of the wall anchor member.

* We have shown our invention as applied to a furnace structure comprising a wall 1 and a monolithic refractory lining 2 at the inner face of the wall. The wall 1 is a brick wall of known construction, but, if desired, any other suitable or preferred type of furnace wallA may be employed.

The vanchor assembly comprises a wall anchor 3 and a lining anchor 4. 'Ihe wall anchor is of approximately U'shape in plan and comprises an outer base or bight element 3a from which arms 5 extend inwardly, triangular Ielements 6 projecting upwardly from the'inner ends of arms 5. Flanges 7 extend a short distance across the rectangular space defined by element 4 and arms 5, these flanges extending at right angles to the arms 5 and from the inner ends thereof. Flanges 8, which are appreciably narrower than flanges 7 and constitute continuations thereof, extend from elements 6, the flanges 7 and 8 defining an opening having a restricted lower portion 9 and 65 an upper portion 10 of materially greater length than portion 9. It will be noted that the base element or member 3a projects beyond the arms 5 at each end of member 3 and below these arms so as to provide fianges 11 and 12 adapted for 70 insertion between the bricks of wall 1. Preferably, member 3a is cut out at its lower portion at 13 and at its upper portion at 14, though this is not essential. Conveniently, the wall anchor member is formed of cast iron, being castas a unit, though any other suitable or preferred material may be employed. This member 3 is set into a suitable pocket or recess 15 provided for this purpose in wall 1, the flanges 11 and 12 being disposed between the bricks of adjacent S0 courses, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the flanges 7 and 8 being disposed an appreciable distance outwardly from the inner face of the wall. The upper ends of elements 6 and iianges 8 are flat for contact with the overlying bricks of the wall to assist in supporting the superjacent portion of the wall.

The lining anchor member 4 is of approximately T-shape in plan and comprises a body portion 16 which increases in width toward the 90 inner face of lining 2, this body portion being imbedded in and securely anchored to the lining.

A reduced neck 17 extends beyond the outer face of lining 2 and is provided, at its outer end, with ahead 18 of rectangular shape in plan and in 95 elevation. A sheet metal shield 19 extends aboutneck 17 and contacts the inner face of wall 1, this shield providing a closure for the pocket 15 except for the relatively small opening which accommodates the neck 17 of member 4.

In practice, a suitable number of suitably located. anchor Inembers 3 are mounted l1n the wall 1 in the manner previously described. The lining 2 is built up from a 'plastic refractory material and, as the lining is erected, the anchor mem- 105 bers 4 are engaged with the anchor members 3 and-are embedded in the lining in the manner stated. The upper portion of the opening deflned by the flanges 8 and 9 is of proper extent to permit of insertion of head 18 of the anchor 110 member 4 and this member is then moved downwardly so that the ends of the head are disposed in back of the flanges 7, as in Figure 3,v so as to prevent withdrawal of head 18 of member 4 from anchor member 3. The anchor member 4 may be thus attached to member 3 as the lining, during construction thereof, approaches the level of member 3, the lining being then continued over and around member 4, which is thus embedded in and effectively secured to the lining. The shield 19 effectively prevents the plastic material of the lining from entering into anchor member 3 to such an extent as to interfere with relative movement between this member and member 4.

The neck 17 of member 4 is of approximately semi-elliptical cross-section and is of materially less width and height than the opening between anges 7, as shown in Figure 1. It will also be noted that the head 18 is of materially less width and height than the space enclosed by the anchor member 3. This permits of movement of anchor member 4 relative to member 3 and in al1 directions parallel to the plane of lining 2, so that the lining can expand and contract in all directions in the plane thereof independently of wall 1 while being held against movement away from the wall.

After the lining has been erected with the anchors installed, in the manner above described, it may then be dried by a slow re and subsequently hardened by raising the temperature. During this drying and hardening of the lining, expansion and contraction thereof is accommodated by the relative movement between the anchor members in the manner above set forth. In the use of the furnace, the lining 2 may be heated to high temperatures and subjected to considerable variation in temperature, with consequent expansion and contraction of the lining. This expansion and contraction is accommodated in the manner above set forth, and heating of the lining to high temperatures does not injure the anchor member 4 which is of refractory material. 'I'he dead air space in the pocket 15 serves as an eiective shield for the wall anchor member 3 which, being remote from the inner face of lining 2, is not injured by the high temperatures within the furnace.

Anchor member 4 may be of any suitable or desired shape and may be formed of any suitable refractory material. Preferably, body 16 of anchor member 4 is of the same shape in crosssection as neck 17, but increases in width toward the inner face of lining 2, as shown. Also, we prefer to form the member 4 of the same refractory material as the lining 2, which is advantageous as relieving the lining of stresses incident to the use of an anchor member formed of a material having a different coefficient of expansion than the material of the lining. However, this is not essential, though it is preferable in certain cases.

What we claim is:-

1. In combination in a furnace structure, a retaining wall, a refractory lining therefor, and means holding the lining against movement away from the wall while permitting contraction and expansion of the lining in all directions in the plane thereof and independently of the wall, said means comprising a member of refractory material lodged in the lining against withdrawal therefrom and a cooperating member anchored to the wall and out of contact with the sides and the top and the bottom of said refractory member for permitting said contraction and expansion of the lining.

2. In combination in a furnace structure, a retaining wall, a refractory lining therefor, a member secured to the wall, and a member of refractory material secured to the lining and having its outer end out of contact with said rst member, said members being joined against separation inwardly of the wall and being relatively movable in all directions parallel to the lining whereby expansion and contraction of the lining in all directions in the plane thereof and independently of the wall is accommodated.

3. In combination in a furnace structure, a retaining wall, a monolithic refractory lining therefor having its outer face seating against the inner face of the wall, a member embedded in the wall and disposed outwardly beyond the inner face of said wall, and a rigid member of refractory material embedded in and anchored to the lining and extending outwardly beyond the outer face thereof, said members having interengaging elements cooperating to hold the refractory member against movement away from the wall, said wall member being out of contact with said refractory member at the top and the bottom and the sides of the latter for accommodating expansion and contraction of the lining in all directions in the plane thereof wall.

4. In combination in a furnace structure, a retaining wall, a refractory lining therefor, a member embedded in the wall and provided at its inner side with two opposed iianges spaced apart, and a member of refractory material embedded in and anchored to the lining, the refractory member comprising a neck extending between the anges and a head engaging behind the flanges and cooperating therewith to hold the lining member against movement away from the wall member, the head being spaced from the top and the bottom of the wall member and the space between the flanges being of greater width and height than the neck and providing clearance completely around said neck and of considerable extent, to accommodate expansion and contraction of the lining in all directions in the plane thereof and independently of .the wall.

5. In combination in a furnace structure, a retaining wall, a refractory lining therefor, a member embedded in the wall and provided at its inner side with two opposed flanges spaced apart,v

and independently of the a member of refractory material embedded in and anchored to the lining, the refractory member comprising a neck extending between the flanges and a head engaging behind the flanges and cooperating therewith to hold the lining member against movement away from the wall member, the space between the anges being of greater width and height than the neck to ac-` commodate expansion and contraction of the lining in all directions in the plane thereof and independently of the wall, and a shield disposed about the neck and providing a closure between 1 the lining and said wall member.

6. In combination in a furnace structure, a retaining wall, a refractory lining therefor, a member of approximately U-shape embedded in the wall and provided at its inner side with two opposed flanges spaced apart, and a member secured to the lining and comprising a neck extending between the anges and a head engaging behind the flanges and cooperating therewith to hold the lining member against movement away from the wall member, the head being spaced from the ends all, and a refractory anchor memthe lining, said members having and the outer wall and the top and bottom of the and the space between the anges d height than the neck, action of the the plane thereof and cooperating and interengagng means for holding the lining anchor member against movement away from the wall, said wall anchor member being out` of contact with said refractory anchor member at the top and the bottom and the sides of the latter for permitting expansion and `contraction of the lining in all directions in the plane thereof and independently of the wall.

JOHN E.. ANDERSON. CHARLES W. DUNLAP. 

